The parliamentary democratic system that has been adopted in India. In it, where the President has been made executive head at the center, in the states, the Governor has been given the executive responsibility. Under Article 153 of the Indian Constitution, a governor has been provided for each state. The post of governor in the state administration is laden with many constitutional obligations. In short, the powers of the governor are mainly executive power, legislative power, ordinance power, power of pardon, and is divided into a discretionary power. Legislative powers are important among these.
Legislative powers of a Governor of Indian states
According to Article 174, the Governor has legislative authority. The Governor is an integral part of the Legislature and has the following rights with respect to the legislature-
He can call the session of the State Legislature, adjourn and dissolve the State Legislative Assembly.
If it appears to the Governor that there is no representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the State Legislative Assembly, he may nominate a person from the Anglo-Indian community as a member of the State Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the State Legislative Council.
One can appoint members for the sixth part who have special knowledge, experience, or contribution in the field of science, literature, art, society, service, cooperative movement, etc.
If a question of disqualification arises of a member of the State Legislative Assembly, the Governor decides the disqualification dispute in consultation with the Election Commission.
He addresses the first session of the first Legislature beginning after the general election and can also send his message to the Houses.
He signs a bill passed by the state legislature. And it is only after the signature of the Governor that the Bill comes into force as an Act.
In addition to the money bill, the Governor can send any bill to the State Legislature for reconsideration and he is bound to give his assent to it if the Bill is re-passed by the State Legislature.
Money Bill is introduced in the State Legislative Assembly only after the Governor has given his permission to introduce the Bill.
The annual reports of various commissions, higher and autonomous institutions are submitted to the Governor and he presents them before the state assembly for consideration.
Certain types of legislators may be reserved by the Governor for the consideration of the President. like-
(1) Bill relating to compulsory acquisition of personal property.
(2) Bill related to the reduction of the jurisdiction of the High Court
(3) Bill relating to the taxation of declared goods required under law made by Parliament.
(4) Bills related to the subjects mentioned in the Concurrent List (when there is a possibility of conflict with the law made by Parliament) and
(5) Any other bill which may cause disputes with the Central Government or the Government of other States.
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